Clinical High-Yield · 9 min read · April 16, 2026
Pathophysiology: Sebum overproduction + follicular plugging + P. acnes colonization + inflammation
Classification:
Treatment (stepwise):
Presentation: Pruritic, erythematous, scaly patches; flexural surfaces in adults; cheeks and extensor surfaces in infants
Treatment:
Presentation: Well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with silvery scale; extensor surfaces (elbows, knees), scalp, nails (pitting, onycholysis)
Auspitz sign: Pinpoint bleeding when scale is removed
Treatment:
Impetigo: Honey-crusted lesions; S. aureus or Strep; topical mupirocin for localized, oral antibiotics for widespread
Cellulitis: Spreading erythema, warmth, tenderness; usually S. aureus or Strep; cephalexin or dicloxacillin; TMP-SMX if MRSA suspected
Tinea (ringworm): Annular, scaly plaques; topical antifungals (clotrimazole, terbinafine); oral terbinafine for tinea capitis and onychomycosis
Herpes zoster (shingles): Dermatomal vesicular rash; treat with valacyclovir within 72 hours of rash onset; postherpetic neuralgia treated with gabapentin, TCAs
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): Most common; pearly papule with rolled borders, telangiectasias; rarely metastasizes
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): Scaly, ulcerated plaque; can metastasize; associated with actinic keratoses (precursor)
Melanoma (ABCDE rule):
Board pearl: Any suspicious lesion should be referred for biopsy. Do not attempt to diagnose melanoma clinically — refer.